IAQ & Thermal Comfort Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IAQ & Thermal Comfort - Research Paper Example Both regional and international standards have been developed to prescribe indoor environmental conditions that are safe for buildings’ occupants. In order understand how these factors (Thermal comfort and indoor air quality) affect the quality of life people leave indoors, it is important to know the various aspects affecting them. This research paper, therefore, aims at discussing and understanding the various factors that affect the quality of indoor air (known as Indoor Air quality, IAQ), and factors that affect human thermal comfort. The paper also aims at discussing the relationship that exists between thermal comfort and Indoor Air quality. The research paper will also discuss challenge of combination and maintenance of these factors (Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air quality) in Saudi Arabia, among others. Indoor air quality Description Indoor air quality can be described as the quality of air around and within structures and buildings which people occupy (Amissah, 2005). This quality of air is related to the comfort and health of individuals who occupy these structures and/or buildings. An â€Å"accepted indoor air quality† can be defined as an air condition in which majority of the occupants are satisfied with it, and in which there is no accumulation of contaminants to levels that can affect humans negatively (harm occupants) (Amissah, 2005). The quality of indoor air depend on a number of factors, among them include: quantity, strength and type of indoor emissions and quality, quantity and type of air outdoor. In order to ensure that indoor air conditions are comfortable and at accepted levels, the spaces that exist indoors must receive sufficient amount of clean outdoor air (Al-ajmi, 2010). In addition to receiving sufficient amount of air, indoors should be ventilated. During ventilation it should be ensured that all the spaces indoors receive air that is not contaminated with harmful microbiological components or chemicals which are ha zardous in nature (Amissah, 2005). In summary, the quality of indoor is normally affected by outdoor climate, variations in operations that take place in buildings or structures, and activities of the building occupants. Before proceeding to discussing more about the factors that affect quality of indoor, it is important that certain terms and expression that relate to indoor air quality are understood. These terms include: a) Perceived air quality b) Standard person c) Olf (Amissah, 2005) Perceived air quality Perceived air quality can be defined as the fraction of percentage of people who are dissatisfied (Amissah, 2005). Meaning that, it is the fraction of people who feel that the quality of air in a space just after entering in is not acceptable. Perceived air quality is measured in decipols. One decipol is considered as the quality of perceived air in a space that is polluted with a pollution source of one olf, and is ventilated using clean air fed at a rate of 10 liters per se cond. Olf This is unit for measuring amount of pollution generated by occupants of a building or a structure (Al-ajmi, 2010). It is estimated a standard person generates pollution of one (1) olf. Standard person A standard person can be defined as an average sedentary individual (adult) who works in an office, and feels neutral in terms air and thermal quality, or an average office worker who is not

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - Article Example Jonathan Swift begins with the vivid imagery of the plight of poor children and is able to evoke sympathy.  An important aspect is that this is so sincerely done that the most skeptical person would want to read on. Then he moves with calculated precision and creates a logical assessment of the condition of the poor. He also professes to have â€Å"maturely weighed† his calculations and proposal giving confidence to the reader to reach further down the narrative. Swift then smoothly places a dramatic twist by immediately following his preamble with the first shocking suggestion of â€Å"eating† all the penniless children in this manner: â€Å"a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled, and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.†. After this point, Swift begins to target the moneyed class of that period. He not only enrages the reader by the cold irony of his suggestions but also forces him to think by using startling imagery and saddening but stark realities of life. In a formal and methodical manner, he gives solutions to visible problems of poverty by calculating the worth of children’s flesh offered as food to â€Å"persons of quality and fortune† and other rich members of the society of that time. With striking prose filled with sarcasm, he challenges human emotions by recommending â€Å"buying the children alive and dressing them hot from the knife† as is done in roasting piglets. The subject of his criticism, the moneyed class, is woven in with a detached and mathematical precision by drawing parallel examples of their lavish spending and the worth of the poor considered as meat. In his cynicism, Swift does not spare any member of the society of that time that has contributed to or closed eyes from the causes and reasons of poverty. These include the pseudo-patriots, the clergy as well as royalty.

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Nowadays, a lot of people are dissatisfied with Computer Generated Images. They complain about unethical behavior in these images because these are usually unreal or copied version of the original; thus, this pictures can destroy the reputation of any brand (Spurgin, 2003). However, there are several reasons that show shooting a real picture is the best way for a business to promote its image. I. Relationship Between Photography and Business Photography is one of the steps of be success for a company. â€Å"The most successful brands achieve fame through their use of iconic imagery† (Roalfe, 2006, P.26) Long text ads are not useful any more, and these are not grab attention of any body. This not the thing that companies wants from ads. This is like just throw money to the garbage. On the other hand, a picture can grab attention of customers just at a glance, this is what really companies are need. Pictures act like a hook for Ads. â€Å"The reaction you want is for your images to hold people’s attention for as long as possible† (P.27). However, if picture is perfect, but irrelevant to companies’ product is worth nothing. Companies and advertisement agencies can make profit with having right, interesting, relevant and real picture of their ads, or they can have paper which â€Å"is not worth the paper it’s printed on†. (Muhleman, 2005, P. 23) II. Perfect Picture can Equal Successful Brand. â€Å"The visuals you use will create a perception of your firm in the mind of the people who see them† (P.24). â€Å"The right picture is worth a thousand  words. It can tell you story, showcase your products, and intrigue, interest or excite your audience† (P.23). The picture that a company uses for an ad is presenting not only company’s product but also the personality of the company (Muhleman, 2005). Who, How and How Much? â€Å"To know how best to present yourself and your firm, you first have to know who you are. And that’s not always as simple as it sounds† (P.25). After the company owners knows who they are and what they want, they can ask for a photo. However, it is difficult to decide which photo is better (Muhleman, 2005). However, more difficult thing is to find and choose a photographer. Uli Weber, photographer, gives an example: â€Å"choosing photographer for MS company is never as easy as one might think. MS is not a high fashion brand but it is the nation’s favorite high-street fashion brand. Most of the top fashion photographers only really specialize in high fashion. Their shots usually turn the models into something quite cold, where as we were looking for warmth and humanity for MS† (Roalfe, 2006, P.26). Here is one the way to find the best photographer for a company: â€Å"Better yet, get help with photography from your agency or public relations partner. They’re already familiar with photographers in area, and can often get you a better deal with the good ones due to other relationship† (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). How much really should pay for a good photo?! There is not a particular price for a perfect image. Price is depending on company’s job. Further, company’s location, how many photo, when, where and what is subject are make different price (Muhleman, 2005). â€Å"The best advice is to check around look at photographer portfolios, find a few whose work you likes, and get several quotes. Often negotiate based on use. Try to get a buy-out of rights so you can use images whenever and wherever you need them† (P.26). Price is not as important as people think. If a photographer with cheaper price cannot give company what they really want and need, company will be in trouble because of wasting money and time. Remember, â€Å"It is not about your own personal choice of what you think might make a good shot; it’s about what is right for the brand† (Roalf, 2006, P.26). The other way to have perfect photo is using stock photos. However, there is always one problem that â€Å"photos are â€Å"royalty free†. And because you’re not buying the rights, they’re wide open to anyone to use at any time, so there’s a good chance you’ll see them in others ads, including your competitors† (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). Absolutely, a company pay for the rights to a photo, with high quality, the cost is higher but company has the photo that its needs and wants (Muhleman, 2005). According to Photography It’s a Relationship by Graham Medcalf, the other way to find better photographer is having campaign. â€Å"That’s where the agent comes in, and Force believes strongly in the concept of collective of different talents that can be recommended to achieve the desired result. Despite this, she says, â€Å"at the end of the day agencies are going to choose the photographer want to choose† (Medcalf, 2008, P.28). I II. The effects of digital technology on photo market Digital technology has effected to different section of market, photographer jobs and photo market which includes manufactures and customers behavior (Medcalf, 2008). â€Å"Photography has changed more in the past decade than ever before. Digital and internet have meant big changes for the industry and photographers have had to re-educate themselves and adopt to change very quickly† (P.26). Further, digital cameras are easy to use which is increasing the number of pictures taken. A lot of people who used to have a photographer for their ceremonies, wedding and anniversaries are taking advantage of digital photo cameras, and they shoot photos by their self. Thus, wedding photography has been affected negatively. In fact, wedding photographers are trying to survive by having ads like â€Å"your wedding day is the most important day for your life† (Havkins, J K, 2006, P.35), but ads are not as useful as they need. On the other hand, the other photographers like photojournalism, documentary photographer and action photographer take advantage of stock photography. â€Å"There are many publications that use images from photographers in different markets, because locals do not submit their own work† (P.35). Digital technology helps photographer to stock photos easier, faster and  cheaper; also, with fewer changes from original ones. Another advantage is saving time (Roalfe, 2006). â€Å"The advantage of working on digital is that you can see the images straight away on screen. This allows for a much quicker turn around because you can pick and choose images as you go along, immediately after each shot has been taken† (Roalfe, 2006, P.27). The number of digital picture taken has been increased rapidly. â€Å"Even accounting for population growth the exponential growth of photos is incredible (we take 4 times as many photos as 10 year ago). In total we have now taken over 3.5 trillion photos. The kind of photos we are taking has changed drastically – analog photos have almost disappeared – but the growth of photos continues.† (Good, 2011, Para.5) â€Å"According to survey by unity marketing (ww.unitymarketingonline.com), 44% of consumers agreed with the following statement regarding their participation in photography: â€Å"I enjoy taking pictures. I do so throughout the year, not only for special occasions. I like having a lot of pictures†. On the other hand, approximately one third of responders were less involved and agreed with this statement: â€Å"I take pictures occasionally on holidays and special occasions. Some time taking picture is a bother† (Miller Washington, 2007, P.86). This survey shows not only people who enjoy photography but also the other group prefers to take picture by their self which has been effected photo market; U.S. market is a good example. â€Å"According to the consumer Electronic Association (www.ce.org) 23.16 million digital cameras sold in 2005, a 22.8% increase over 2004. The value of digital cameras sold in 2005 was $6.13 billion, a 29.7% increase† (P.86). Photography industries needed to change their plan; process lines, machines even staff for producing digital camera that is cost a lot and take a long time. Kodak was one of the largest photo industries in the world. For being  successful in the market, Kodak had been trying to revenue their process line. According to Picture Imperfect written by Carry Barret and David F. Carr established in September 2004, for surviving as a digital enterprise Kodak were supposed to change all process lines from analog to digital if so they could give new products and services to their customers. Their problem did not only has changed analog camera to digital but also the way people print pictures. People prefer to print at home instead of taking time to have print from industry printers. They do not need to go out, and they do not need to pay a lot for have high quality photo. They save time and money. On the other hand, home printing has been decreasing the profit of companies like Epson and Canon. In short, after having huge budget for startup new process lines and trying to survive Kodak is facing bankruptcy in 2011(Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection, 2012). The effect of digital technology is not only negative. Social network websites like Facebook and Flickr, and digital camera and printer maker industries like Canon, Epson, Hewlett-Packard and Sony are raising huge money annually. In conclusion, photography is one of the most important parts of market. All companies needs photo for their advertising. Because of the digital cameras, the number of photographers has been growing up which makes more competition so companies can have better advertise. This is a sad fact that some businesses have been losing money because of the digital technology. However, the advantages of digital technology are more. People enjoy photography more than past decade, which makes more needs to the market. In addition a lot of businesses have a chance to find customer needs and use them to be successful. References Miller, R. K., Washington, K. D. (2007). CHAPTER 14: PHOTOGRAPHY. In , Leisure Market Research Handbook (pp. 86-88). Richard K. Miller Associates. Medcalf, G. (2008). Photography : Its a relationship thing. Admedia, 23(8), 26-31. Roalfe, M. (2006). THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY. Campaign (UK), 26-27. Spurgin, E. W. (2003). Whats Wrong with Computer-Generated Images of Perfection in Advertising?. Journal Of Business Ethics, 45(3), 257-268. Barrett, L., Carr, D. F. (2004). PICTURE IMPERFECT. Baseline, (34), 28-48. Muhleman, J. (2005). Picture Your Brand. Franchising World, 37(2), 23-26. Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection. Retrieved January 19, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16625725 Good, J. (2011). How many photos have ever been taken?, from http://1000memories.com/blog/94-number-of-photos-ever-taken-digital-and-analog-in-shoebox Hawkins, J. and Hawkins, K. (2006). Marketing and Selling Techniques for Photographers. Buffalo, N.Y.: Amherst Media

Human Rights in the European Union Essay -- Human Rights Policy in the

Introduction The development of a human rights policy in the EU has been a long and often undocumented journey. The sectoral approach of the Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 had an economic and functional intention, lacking a declaration of fundamental rights, as seen in national constitutions. It was not until the 2000 Nice Summit that the European Union first established a written charter, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, explicitly stating and guaranteeing human rights in the European Union. Documented EU human rights policy before 2000 can be seen primarily in two ways: 1. Internally, through case-law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) 2. Externally, through enlargement and trade/development policy The Charter was an attempt to formally consolidate and solidify not only the EU’s internal and external human rights policies, but also material from a wide array of other human rights initiatives, such as common institutional traditions (from national constitutions), various awareness conventions, and international activist groups and NGOs. Overview The objective of this paper is to establish an effective analysis of the European Union’s human rights policy. After establishing the background of human rights policy within the EU, the application of Article 23 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights through internal case-law, trade policies, and enlargement is illustrated using historical case-studies. The application portion of this paper will examine a court case from the French national government, the EU’s trade policy with the Middle East, and the issues surrounding the accession of Turkey into the EU. After examining these three cases, ... ...n Rights: Thematic Issues (http://ue.eu.int/pesc/human_rights/en/99/main5.htm) - EU Turkey Communication Platform (http://www.euturkey.org/) - Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union. - Wallace, Helen and William Wallace, Policy-Making in the European Union. - EU Enlargement: Second Wave - news.bbc.co.uk/.../world/europe/ newsid_643000/643623.stm - Pre-accession assistance for Turkey http://europa.eu.int/eurlex/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/l_342/l_34220011227en00010005.pd - Alston, Phillip. â€Å"The EU and Human Rights† European University Institute, Florence. [1] More specifically: Articles 2, 3(2), and 141(3) of the EC Treaty; Article 20 of the revised European Social Charter of May 3, 1996; and Article 2(4) of the Council Directive [2] Article 141(4) EC

Should Lord of the Flies Be Banned?

English Debate 2011-2012 Should Lord of the Flies Be Banned From Chisago Lakes High School? Argument #1 Peer Pressure By: Elizabeth Gornik We’re sitting here talking, in Mr. Scharnberg’s first hour English class at Chisago Lakes High School, about how this classic book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding affects our everyday lives. Half of the room believes it’s a life lesson and should be continued in our education curriculum and the other half believes its sending a horrible message to our society and should be forever banned from our school.I believe that it’s an educational book and should continue to be taught; it’s a great read and has changed my outlook on things in life. For the other half of you I understand where you guys are coming from, this book has sexual references, its violent and makes fun of disabled people; but you have to look past that and see the deep meaning in the gory paragraphs. In our lives we face many chal lenges; one of the big issues is peer pressure. We all face it in high school, drugs, sex, parties, alcohol, skipping school, etc. The dictionary definition of peer pressure is influence from members of one’s peer group.Lord of the Flies is a perfect of example peer pressure; it shows how everyone cracks under pressure. Choices they make are determined by the manipulation and domination of their more powerful friends. The littl’uns are faced with pressure because they don’t exactly know what’s going on, they whole lives they’ve been supported by their families and didn’t have to worry about seeing tomorrow’s daylight. Now they have to depend on boys twice their age because everyone else is and they don’t know how to take care of themselves. Another situation is when ll the boys first met and everyone was making fun of Piggy and calling him â€Å"Fatty†, Ralph decided to be part of the fun and giggles and tell everyone Pi ggy’s secret nickname to feel part of the crowd. Later on in the book the more Ralph realizes that Piggy was his one, true friend. Towards the end of the book Samneric were pressured into joining Jack’s tribe by threatening them. They end up joining to save their lives. This book clearly shows that how they’re acting is influenced by the things that they have gone through, the surroundings is what influenced them, not a book.Think about it, Jack became obsessed with hunting because that’s all he could do to entertain himself. When teens and children even adults are bored they tend to experiment things such as drugs, sex, alcohol. If you’re not keeping yourself busy and hanging around the wrong people, eventually you get influenced to do things you will regret doing in the future. Also, it shows that the consequences of our mistakes, it does not encourage us to do the same. If you actually thought deep about the text and not just surface through the offensive situations, you just might see what I see, a life lesson that each and every one of us need to learn.

The Effect of Cultural and Historical Situations on...

Professor Brattoli †American literature is almost always tied to historical and social events of the era in which it was written.† There is a connection between literary works from different time periods. This connection is how history, current events and social events have impacted American Literature. Literary works and writing styles have been affected and influence by the world around us. This is seen in many of the works assigned for this class. In order to see how cultural and historical situations affect literature throughout history, it is important to get a brief history on each era discussed in this paper. The first era we will be reviewing will be writings from†¦show more content†¦It is easy to see that current events and issues of the world around them have had an impact on authors and what they have written from the stories in this time period. The Native American authors wrote stories describing life during and after white man came to America. The African American authors wrote stories describing life during and after slavery. All of these are issues that these authors lived through and experienced through the world around them. Even the fiction in this time period showed connections with events going on in the world. Maria Amparo Ruiz De Burton’s story â€Å"The Squatter and the Don,† written in the1880’s, is the story of a Spanish landowner who loses power over his land after the Mexican war and the Land Act. The Land Act was a federal law that prevented land to be bought on credit. The Land Act caused a lot of controversy in the 1800’s. America went through great changes between the years 1914 and 1945. World War 1 and World War 2 were both fought during this time period. Another event occurring in this time period is The Great Migration. This was the movement of African Americans out of the south and into the industrialized north. 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Throughout the world millions of laborers and children in...

Throughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops. In these facilities workers are abused, underpaid, and cramped into unsanitary working conditions full of disease and death. Nonetheless, workers cannot abandon the sweatshops they work in, because they fear their families would starve. If fired they could easily be replaced by another readily worker; that is why workers dont oppose their employers injustices, because they fear becoming unemployed. In large corporations from third world countries, laborers only earn an insignificant percentage of the large revenue that the corporation makes daily. They work for long hours, more than what the U.S Department of Labor considers legal for one†¦show more content†¦As described in the article, â€Å"Outsourcing - Pros And Cons† by Kristin Carpenter; â€Å"Outsourcing is basically the practice of one company to contract another company to provide the services that could have been performed by their own staff†¦. One of the main reasons why companies are into outsourcing is diminished company resources, both in financial terms and in manpower costs† (Carpenter). Because the most powerful American corporations in the U.S are no longer producing their merchandise in the U.S but in developing nations, in order to reduce the cost of labor and increase productivity, the United States no longer has companies that produce jobs in America. And due to the gradual growth of the use of outsourcing, American employment opportunity has decline greatly, leaving many people unemployed and harming our economic strength in the world. In addition outsourcing is also the result of globalization; Jagdish Bhagwati’s definition of globalization says, â€Å"Globalization is integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flow, migration, and the spread of technology throughout the world† (Bhagwati 8). Finn implies that globalization is the major factor for the exploitation of cheap foreign labor in third world countries and the main causeShow MoreRelatedVo : A Family Friend With An Interesting Story1004 Words   |  5 PagesKaiden Vo was born in Da Nang, Vietnam in 1978. He immigrated to the United states with his mother and his brother in September of 1992, when he was 14 years old. Kaiden is now 36 and has two daughters (ages 2 and 6). I chose to interview him because he is a family friend with an interesting story. Kaiden first migrated from Da Nang to Ho Chi Minh city by train. 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In addition to Robert Jarvik’s education in biomechanics, which combinedRead MoreMy School Year Was My Sophomore Year Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesVocational Technical School. Students in grades ten through twelve from nine school districts in Lackawanna County and parts of surrounding counties were able to enroll. They attend classes at their home district for half of the school day, and classes at vo-tech for the other half of the school day. Some students who were interested in majoring in Architectural Engineering or Mechanical Engineering in college enrolled in Drafting and Design Technology. At one time there was also a Civil Technology programRead MoreThe Importance Of Change1610 Words   |  7 Pages CH-01 ... †¦ VO †¦ â€Å"Bad move Marc.† Eliminate pause between Bad move and Marc †¦ VO †¦ â€Å"My mind drifted to my brother, Karl, never far from my thoughts. He flew B-17 bombers over Germany from England. He was doing his part in the war effort. I very much wanted to do my part, too. But at age 17 I was locked out without parental permission. Despite many conversations, I could see that wasn’t going to happen.† CH-02 ... †¦ VO †¦ â€Å"He beckonedRead MoreWind Farm Mathematical Modelling And Frt Improvement Using Pmsg And Soft Computing Essay777 Words   |  4 Pagesu12] (12) 1. Definition of Axial Induction, â€Å"a† U = (1 - a) Vo (13) But, u = 0.5 (Vo + u1) (14) Combining equations 13 and 14, yields : u1 = (1 - 2a)Vo (15) 2. Introduction of Axial Induction, â€Å"a†, into External work rate(Power) Equation : We know : p = (∆w) ̇External work rate = 0.5 Ï  U A [Vo2-U12] Introduce Equation 13 and 14 into equation 16 to obtain : p = 0.5Ï  A(1 - a) Vo [Vo2- (1 - 2a)2Vo2] = 0.5Ï  A(1 - a) Vo3 [1 - (1 + 4a2 – 4a)] =0Read MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Solar Cells1095 Words   |  5 PagesVanadium dioxide (VO (-- removed HTML --) 2 (-- removed HTML --) ) is unique in having metal-insulator transition at 69  °C, is a candidate material to fill the gap in the absorption range mentioned above, and attracts much attention from the both points of various applications (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 15–20 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) and a mechanism of the phase transition. In particular, LSPR in the NIR range of 1000–2000 nm has been reported for VO (-- removed HTMLRead MoreAbc Company, A Premier Managed Care Health Insurance854 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumers’ perception of the company’s cost of health care and ample access to quality (Bhaskar Vo, 2012). With the new legislation consumers are hyper aware of the options in health care insurance products available. ABC had to adapt to new market realities: â€Å"consumers wanted a company that they perceived had a lower cost than competition and that provided an ample access to quality health care† (Bhaskar Vo, p.19, 2012). Due to the high elasticity of health insurance people are extremely sensitiveRead MoreFunctional Decline Of Hospitalized Older Adults1093 Words   |  5 Pagesolder adult with geriatric conditions and multiple comorbidities is at thirty-five to seventy percent risk for functional decline, as compared with pre-hospitalized function (de Vos et al. 2012). Multidisciplinary interventions while hospitalized, can prevent cognitive and functional decline in this population subset (de Vos et al. 2012). The hospital Interdisciplinary Team (IT) may be comprised of nursing managers, admitting/attending physicians, case managers, social workers, rehabilitation specialists