Throughout the world millions of laborers and children in...

Throughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops. In these facilities workers are abused, underpaid, and cramped into unsanitary working conditions full of disease and death. Nonetheless, workers cannot abandon the sweatshops they work in, because they fear their families would starve. If fired they could easily be replaced by another readily worker; that is why workers dont oppose their employers injustices, because they fear becoming unemployed. In large corporations from third world countries, laborers only earn an insignificant percentage of the large revenue that the corporation makes daily. They work for long hours, more than what the U.S Department of Labor considers legal for one†¦show more content†¦As described in the article, â€Å"Outsourcing - Pros And Cons† by Kristin Carpenter; â€Å"Outsourcing is basically the practice of one company to contract another company to provide the services that could have been performed by their own staff†¦. One of the main reasons why companies are into outsourcing is diminished company resources, both in financial terms and in manpower costs† (Carpenter). Because the most powerful American corporations in the U.S are no longer producing their merchandise in the U.S but in developing nations, in order to reduce the cost of labor and increase productivity, the United States no longer has companies that produce jobs in America. And due to the gradual growth of the use of outsourcing, American employment opportunity has decline greatly, leaving many people unemployed and harming our economic strength in the world. In addition outsourcing is also the result of globalization; Jagdish Bhagwati’s definition of globalization says, â€Å"Globalization is integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flow, migration, and the spread of technology throughout the world† (Bhagwati 8). Finn implies that globalization is the major factor for the exploitation of cheap foreign labor in third world countries and the main causeShow MoreRelatedVo : A Family Friend With An Interesting Story1004 Words   |  5 PagesKaiden Vo was born in Da Nang, Vietnam in 1978. He immigrated to the United states with his mother and his brother in September of 1992, when he was 14 years old. Kaiden is now 36 and has two daughters (ages 2 and 6). I chose to interview him because he is a family friend with an interesting story. Kaiden first migrated from Da Nang to Ho Chi Minh city by train. After that, he went to Thailand, Singapore, Los Angeles, then Minneapolis by plane, where he stayed for 16 years before coming to AtlantaRead More Monty Hall Problem in Ask Marilyn743 Words   |  3 Pagesit to your advantage to switch your choice? Marilyn vos Savant had answered that you should switch every time. An easier way to explain, she added, was suppose there are a million doors, and you pick door #1. Then the host, who knows what’s behind the doors and will always avoid the one with the prize, opens them all except door #777,777. You’d switch to that door pretty fast, wouldn’t you? However, readers werent convinced. Marilyn vos Savant started receiving criticism. Each day she was receivingRead MoreHeroes Or Ignorant : The United States1699 Words   |  7 Pagesback and excuse their actions as fighting against communism. These two facts contradict each other but it is not clear, if Americans understand it in that times. They did not try to understand Vietnamese mentality and that probably led to their defeat. Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese member of Communist party, explain why they won, â€Å"We won the war because we would rather die than live in slavery (42).† The U.S. consider Vietnamese as weak human beings who do not speak in the movies, who have to be representedRead MoreEssay on Artifical Heart Can Save Lives554 Words   |  3 Pagesinstead he attended the University of Bologna in Italy. Shortly after that, he switched to New York University where he received an M.L.A. in occupational biomechanics in the year 1971. After he attended college, Robert Jarvik later met his wife, Marilyn vos Savant, who is accredited by the Guinness Book of World Records to have the top IQ in the world. Together they have two children whose names are, Tyler Jarvik and Kate Jarvik. In addition to Robert Jarvik’s education in biomechanics, which combinedRead MoreMy School Year Was My Sophomore Year Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesVocational Technical School. Students in grades ten through twelve from nine school districts in Lackawanna County and parts of surrounding counties were able to enroll. They attend classes at their home district for half of the school day, and classes at vo-tech for the other half of the school day. Some students who were interested in majoring in Architectural Engineering or Mechanical Engineering in college enrolled in Drafting and Design Technology. At one time there was also a Civil Technology programRead MoreThe Importance Of Change1610 Words   |  7 Pages CH-01 ... †¦ VO †¦ â€Å"Bad move Marc.† Eliminate pause between Bad move and Marc †¦ VO †¦ â€Å"My mind drifted to my brother, Karl, never far from my thoughts. He flew B-17 bombers over Germany from England. He was doing his part in the war effort. I very much wanted to do my part, too. But at age 17 I was locked out without parental permission. Despite many conversations, I could see that wasn’t going to happen.† CH-02 ... †¦ VO †¦ â€Å"He beckonedRead MoreWind Farm Mathematical Modelling And Frt Improvement Using Pmsg And Soft Computing Essay777 Words   |  4 Pagesu12] (12) 1. Definition of Axial Induction, â€Å"a† U = (1 - a) Vo (13) But, u = 0.5 (Vo + u1) (14) Combining equations 13 and 14, yields : u1 = (1 - 2a)Vo (15) 2. Introduction of Axial Induction, â€Å"a†, into External work rate(Power) Equation : We know : p = (∆w) ̇External work rate = 0.5 Ï  U A [Vo2-U12] Introduce Equation 13 and 14 into equation 16 to obtain : p = 0.5Ï  A(1 - a) Vo [Vo2- (1 - 2a)2Vo2] = 0.5Ï  A(1 - a) Vo3 [1 - (1 + 4a2 – 4a)] =0Read MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Solar Cells1095 Words   |  5 PagesVanadium dioxide (VO (-- removed HTML --) 2 (-- removed HTML --) ) is unique in having metal-insulator transition at 69  °C, is a candidate material to fill the gap in the absorption range mentioned above, and attracts much attention from the both points of various applications (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 15–20 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) and a mechanism of the phase transition. 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Multidisciplinary interventions while hospitalized, can prevent cognitive and functional decline in this population subset (de Vos et al. 2012). The hospital Interdisciplinary Team (IT) may be comprised of nursing managers, admitting/attending physicians, case managers, social workers, rehabilitation specialists

The Holocaust Is Remembered As One Of The Most Vicious Events

The Holocaust is remembered as one of the most vicious events in history. We have gotten the chance to try and comprehend the pain that such evil genocide left on many, through those who witnessed it. Who sorely revive it, in an attempt to make sure that the world never forgets the millions of Jews that were unjustly tortured and murdered. It is sad to realize that many of these witnesses are getting older, and that many of them have died. Among them was author, professor, and activist Elizer â€Å"Elie† Wiesel, who just passed away a few days ago. As a professor he influenced many, but through his novels he managed to give his readers a glimpse of the horrors he survived during the Holocaust. He was a peaceful man who fought for human rights and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986 (Almasy, Sanchez). Many say that he was not only a leader for the Jewish community, but for all mankind (qtd. in Maslin, Correal). Wiesel became chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Holocaus t, in 1978; thanks to his hard work the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum was established in Washington (Almasy, Sanchez). Nonetheless, his legacy will remain alive through his precious memoirs. I think that the main point of Wiesel’s novel, Night, is to understand what Wiesel believed the Jews had lost during the Holocaust, specifically in the concentration camps. He describes multiple moments in which fear had completely changed him and the world around him. According to Wiesel, he felt as if theShow MoreRelatedFrom Human Wrongs to Human Rights Many Novels1045 Words   |  4 Pagesconflict and a vicious cycle of violence as more human rights are violated. To avoid such clashes, human rights have become a fundamental part of global law and policy. However, they have not always been that way. Catastrophic events in history that claimed thousands of lives ran their vicious course before it was recognized that there had to be human rights established. The most famous exa mple of genocide is the Holocaust, which killed around six million Jews. After the Holocaust, the United NationsRead MoreNazi Party And The Concentration Camp1008 Words   |  5 PagesAuschwitz-Birkenau On May 26, 1940, the largest and most horrifying concentration camp was established. Estimated around three million Jewish people died in the concentration camp, all thanks to Adolf Auschwitz-Birkenau. Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp out of the 20,000 created. Hitler. In this research paper, I will inform you on the horrific and inhumane terrors in Auschwitz, there psychotic leader Adolf Hitler, and the events that occur inside the camp. Adolf Hitler joined the NaziRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Holocaust1203 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion jews. Six million innocent men, women and children. Emerging from the ashes and corpses, one man had the intention of preserving this tragedy, yet at the same time preventing it. Elie Wiesel’s fulfilled his purpose of showing the heinous crimes of the Holocaust through the change of characterization of Elie before, during and after the events of Wiesel s 1940 memoir-Night. The Holocaust is remembered as a stain on history, where a massive genocide occurred. but we must also recognize the soulsRead MoreAtrocities of the Holocaust Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesinjustice against humanity in history, the Jewish Holocaust is one of the most prominent. From 1933 to 1945, the Nazis waged a vicious war against Jews and other lesser races. This war came to a head with the Final Solution in 1938. One of the most horrific results of the Final Solution were the scores of concentr ation and death camps spread across Nazi Germany, Poland, and other parts of Nazi-controlled Europe. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, people around the world were shocked by final talliesRead MoreTime of the Holocaust1673 Words   |  7 PagesHOLOCAUST 1 Title Page Goes Here I deleted mine from the post HOLOCAUST 2 German dictator, Adolf Hitler wanted a new order for Germany and his so-called Aryan race. As a part of achieving his ultimate goal, he would have to eliminate any and all other inferior races. This evil plan later became known as the Holocaust. Hitler, with the aid of the Nazis and concentration camps, brought terror and devastation to the Jewish communitiesRead MoreRacism in North America1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthat by the end of this speech you will try to put an end to racism when you hear it and when you see it. You see racism is a type of discrimination, probably one of the worst. Racism is like a revolting disease being passed down from generation to generation by vicious racists. Unfortunately, most of us will face racism in our lives in one form or another. What kind of world do we live in where we are judged by the colour of our skin rather than the content of our character? We can’t let racism continueRead MoreSchindlers List Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pagestwist of fate ends up saving the lives of 1100 Jews by bribing the Nazi with all his assets during one of the darkest period of history, the Holocaust. Although the film is based on a true story, it does get pampered with some Hollywood treatment to highlight Schindlers hero status, this makes us the audience feel strongly about the tragic mass murders of the Holocaust. Spielberg uses a wide range of filming techniques to manipulate us the viewers. He mixes facts with emotionRead MorePsychological Effects of the Holocaust3873 Words   |  16 PagesMind Over Matter The Holocaust was one of the most horrendous events ever to take place in our world’s history. It involved people all over the world and affected millions both directly and indirectly. It led to the death of over 11 million people, mostly Jews, and was started and controlled by the infamous German Nazis. Adolf Hitler, the mastermind behind the whole plan, was the chief organizer and began slowly starting to make those he thought were inferior suffer when he became Fuhrer in 1933Read MoreThe Timeless Truths of Homers Iliad1784 Words   |  8 Pagesis unknown whether or not the blind Greek poet intended to create a work that would have such an enduring impact on Western man, clearly the poems underlying themes and the ominous questions it raises remain relevant in the twenty-first century. One of Homers primary themes, the glorification of war and violence, is clearly relevant today. The celebration of war is omnipresent throughout The Iliad. To Homers characters, battlefield courage, skill, and savagery are seen as both the ultimate meansRead MoreAnalysis Of Aunt Chip And The Great Triple Creek Dam Affair1896 Words   |  8 Pages  In most present-day societies, people have the freedom to read and think what they wish without censorship or restrictions. It is these very freedoms that allow the people of a society to explore the works of others and later accept them or criticize them with the thoughts that belong uniquely to them. Should a society lose the freedom of doing such things, could prove to be dangerous by tipping the scales of power where it would be unfavorable to a significant portion of the population. People

Rural Kenya free essay sample

Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail [emailprotected] uwo. ca. Copyright  © 2009, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2009-07-21 With the sun setting over the Rift Valley in Kenya, Sebastian Herrmann walked back to his tent with a head full of questions. He was at a loss as he wondered what kind of marketing campaign would ensure that every family that should use a WaterHarvester received one. If he could answer this question, he could see the potential to significantly improve the living conditions for many of the amazing people he had met over the last couple of weeks during his April 2007 visit. Just yesterday, the first prototype of the WaterHarvester had been installed and worked far better than he and his fellow students could have hoped for. We will write a custom essay sample on Rural Kenya or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It had been thrilling to see that the prototype had collected enough water with last night’s short rainfall to give a cup of clean water to each of the family’s children, cook a small meal, and still have some water left for the rest of the day! As Hermann thought about the possibilities he became very excited about what this product might mean for the region’s â€Å"hardcore poor,† a group that was hit the hardest by the harsh living conditions in rural Kenya. Once he got back o camp, he started to realize that there were a lot of answers needed before everybody in the community could benefit from gathering rainwater with the new WaterHarvester. Rainwater was a lot cleaner than the river water that the hardcore poor were used to drinking. He began wrestling with questions such as: How should it be marketed in a world where few of the conventional marketing communication channels even existed? How was he going to convince people to spend what was (for them ) a large amount of money when they did not even have enough to provide food for their families? And, would he need to consider changing the culturally entrenched practice of meeting at the river to gather the contaminated water that passed for drinking water? Having almost reached his tent he found himself lost in the most important marketing challenge of his young career. Tomorrow morning he was going to sit down with his group to discuss how they should proceed. If he wanted to be able to propose any workable solutions that could be put into motion in the short time he had left to spend in Kenya, it was going to be a very long night. Page 2 9B09A015 Free the Children (FTC), a Canadian non-governmental organization, was amongst the world’s most successful charity organizations. The cofounders of FTC, Craig and Marc Kielburger, and their organization had been recognized for their efforts in numerous ways: the Order of Canada; the World’s Children’s Prize; and multiple Nobel Peace Prize nominations, just to name a few. Craig had also been honoured with a Doctorate of Education from Nipissing University and the resulting relationships created unique and close ties between FTC and Nipissing University. To begin with, education students from Nipissing began to travel to Kenya, one of FTC’s largest operations, to help build new schools and work together with the local children of the Chebinie primary school in the Rift Valley province. As the success of the Kenya project grew, FTC’s in-country personnel began to realize that it would take more than building schools to convince all parents in the area to prioritize their children’s education rather than having them work. They began to believe that achievement of a higher level of participation in education would require an improvement in the economic and financial situation of the individual households. In other, similar circumstances, other charitable organizations had found one of the most effective ways to provide economic help for the hardcore poor in other parts of the world had been the introduction of micro-credit programs. 1 In 2006, FTC began to think more seriously about designing such a program for Chebinie and it asked Nipissing’s business school for help. Three students, along with one of their business professors, answered and embarked on a three-week trip to Kenya in April of 2007. While the design of a new micro-credit program for small businesses was the focus of their work, they very quickly realized that there was one other significant contributor to poverty in particular — the lack of clean water. Working with groups of poor people throughout the world, FTC had learned that social change and lasting improvements in the standard of living only occur when the people it is working with assume ownership of the changes. As a consequence, its overriding operating philosophy was to â€Å"teach people to fish,† as opposed to â€Å"give them fish. † In the case of the WaterHarvester, this meant that any successful marketing program could not include outright gifting of the product and would likely need to cause a change in behaviour from the centuries-old practice of gathering water for domestic use from the river. Kenya lies on the western boundary of one of the most impoverished regions of the world — sub-Saharan Africa. With seven million people living in environments as diverse as poverty itself, the Rift Valley region was one of the more populated areas in Kenya. While the lush highlands were home to one of the province’s most profitable industries (tea harvesting), other areas in the valley such as the constituency of Narok South struggled to provide the basic needs for their residents. Cattle and goat farming as well as small agriculture were the backbone of what passed for the economy in these poorer areas. Micro-credit programs lent primarily to women that lived in the most impoverished regions of the world (small amounts of money starting as low as $50). While these loans basically worked like any other loan, they were intended solely for small business start-ups to provide the recipient with the opportunity to elevate themselves and their families out of the poverty cycle. Muhammad Yunus, Banker to the Poor, Public Affairs, New York, 1999, p. 41. 1 Page 3 9B09A015 An estimated 54 per cent of the population lived below the poverty line in Narok South2. In rural areas for Kenya, this translated to monthly expenditures of approximately 1,846 Kenyan shillings (Ksh). 3 However, this was the average value for Kenya — there were many households that lived on a lot less every month. Like everywhere in the world, poverty in Kenya was a multi-faceted problem with no single cause or solution. For developing nations such as Kenya, this means that poverty must be assessed based on a variety of factors. While monetary measures can be an important aspect of evaluating poverty, a simple and basic test of household assets is often just as important. Such a test often included a count of possessions including the number of farming animals belonging to the house, the ability to own and operate a kerosene lamp, or the nature of the house’s roof. As a result, impoverished households were commonly classified into hardcore poor and â€Å"just poor† segments. Kenya, in particular, showed how differentiated the face of poverty can be. While it was a sign of relative wealth in many nations to own a cell phone, it was not an uncommon sight in Kenya even in the poorest region of the country. The reason for this being that Kenya had recently undergone what was referred to as the â€Å"cell phone revolution. While this may seem like an odd â€Å"revolution† to put in front of so many other developmental goals, it was the result of a very rational decision. Proper communication is one of the most important aspects of a well-functioning economy and it was much more cost-effective to install cell phone towers than to lay d own land lines. As a result, virtually everyone had access to a telephone at relatively low prices: at the same time, basic needs such as clean water were yet to be addressed. Another important indicator of poverty throughout the Rift Valley province was the type of roof used on the houses. It was estimated that throughout Kenya’s rural areas, 23 per cent of households had thatched roofs. Within the villages around Chebinie (see Exhibits 1 and 2 for a description of the Chebinie area and the role of key stakeholders), this number was certainly higher. Although no verified numbers were available, after some quick counts Herrmann estimated that more than 70 per cent of households had thatched roofs. While just poor households were able to afford a tin roof, the hardcore poor were using thatched roofs, which were made of various types of grass and branches. The nature of one’s roof was one of the more important status symbols in rural Kenya. With respect to clean water collection and use, the important issue was that straight-edged, water-repellent, tin-roofed households were able to easily obtain cleaner rainwater off their roofs by simply gathering the run-off using an eavestrough made from a hollowed-out tree branch — something that is not possible to do on a circular, water-absorbing, thatched roof.   Access to enough clean water is one of multiple pressing issues a developing country faces on the road to sustainable development.

Password protecting wireless technology

Introduction The use of the wireless devices goes on to increase as they turn out to be cheaper and more affordable to the users (â€Å"Using wireless technology securely† 1). The increased use of the wireless technologies among the business as well as personal systems has led to better accessibility and interoperability.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Password protecting wireless technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But, on the other hand, this same ubiquity has as well contributed to a rise in the level of risks to the computer networks. The attackers have been offered fresh ways to engage in the stealing of very sensitive information, messing about with the business processes, and sabotaging â€Å"network security enforcement systems† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). While new threats as well as attacks â€Å"are found against wireless networks, they are addre ssed with changes and additions to the protocols and standards† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). In this paper, the wireless technology is going to be discussed, including its benefits and security threats and later, focus will be on how to â€Å"password protect† the wireless technology. Benefits of Wireless Technologies It is pointed out that, in the current day, more than 165 million mobile experts as well as organizations make use of the wireless technologies in solving business problems and gaining competitive advantages (â€Å"Wireless technology 2). The increased reliance on networking in the business world and the internet growth as well as online services strongly indicates the â€Å"benefits of shared data and resources† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). The wireless solutions bring these benefits to a high level by giving room for users to have access to the shared information and applications, and eliminating the constraints t hat are associated with the wired connections. In addition, the wireless technology makes it possible for the managers of the networks to develop or expand networks without necessarily having to move or install wires. It is pointed out that nearly all the computing devices which include â€Å"monitors, desktops, tablets, workstations, printers and handhelds can be equipped to communicate wirelessly† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). The wireless solutions give out more convenience, productivity and more cost advantages as compared to the wired networks (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wireless technology allows a large number of benefits and this includes allowing business organizations to derive benefits â€Å"from the value of their information† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). The wireless solutions are capable of off ering users, â€Å"access to real-time information from more places in their organization† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). Such mobility offer support to productivity and also offer service opportunities which can not otherwise be achieved by using the wired networks. Companies are currently implementing wireless solutions with an intention of improving their competitiveness in the market. Having wireless solutions that are easy-to-use and more secure has brought about the opportunity to bring down the level of costs and has also led to improvement in performance. It is also pointed out that â€Å"wireless networks extend core networks, provides greater utilization of existing networks† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 2). There can be configuration of wireless systems in various topologies in order to ensure meeting of some specific installations as well as applications. There can be easy changing of configurations and â€Å"range from peer-to-peer networks appropriate for few users to full infrastructure networks of thousands of users that enable roaming over a broad area† (â€Å"Wireless technology† 3). However, these benefits that come with the wireless technology can not be enjoyed where appropriate measures are not taken in order to deal with the security threats that are associated to the wireless technologies. Password protecting wireless technology Following the security threats that face the wireless networks, there is a need to protect these networks. The â€Å"wireless router or access point in a network is essentially a radio transmitter’ (Rodriguez 1). Similar to the case if a radio transmitter, any person that has the right tools can be able to pick up the signal in case he/she is within the range. Since radio transmissions â€Å"are broadcast through the air to target devices, any system properly configured within the radio broadcast range can also receive the wireless messages† (â€Å"The ri sks of wireless technology† 1). This implies that devices which are not supposed to be on the wireless network can get transmissions. It is observed that â€Å"the extension of the network wireless technologies has well increased the attack surface available to malicious users; an adversary can become part of a network and interact with systems that were not designed to operate in a hostile environment† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Password protecting wireless technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most common activity that is employed in the attack of the wireless technology is â€Å"war driving† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). A person with ill intentions can engage in moving around with a laptop having a wireless receiver while listening to the â€Å"radio traffic that is being broadcast† (à ¢â‚¬Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). There can be setting of the programs that are run on the laptop in order to automatically carry out the analysis of the data and make an effort to â€Å"break in to the networks as they are found† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). Moreover, a large number of attackers can as well engage in correlating data with GPS information to come up with a â€Å"wireless access points† map (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). Basing on where they are located, the attackers, at a later time, can engage in revisiting these access points in order to carry out more attacks. It is pointed out that â€Å"password protection can keep intruders out of your network, maintaining the privacy of your personal information† (Rodriguez 1). In order to â€Å"password protect† the wireless network, this may involve use of encryption. It is pointed out that â€Å"data encryption is used to ‘scram ble’ the signals the wireless network uses to send information back and forth between computers† (Rodriguez 1). It is only those users who know the password can be in a position to engage in the unscrambling of the signals â€Å"into useable data† (Rodriguez 1). In the present day wireless technology, there exist two encryption forms and these are â€Å"Wired Equivalency Privacy – WEP, and Wi-Fi Protected Access – WPA† (Rodriguez 1). WEP was the initial encryption form that was utilized in the wireless networks. This form of encryption is prevalent â€Å"in first generation network equipment and no-PC devices like PDAs, game consoles and media players† (Rodriguez 1). However, WEP do have a grave design weakness that enables the hostile entities to obtain the encryption key and be in a position â€Å"to see all traffic with relative ease† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). It is also pointed out that the â€Å"a ccess control mechanisms that used the Media Access Control (MAC) address of networked devices no longer give IT professionals any guarantee a rogue device is within an easily identified physical area† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The synchronization capacities of the ‘address book’ found in the cellular phones among other portable devices facilitates stealing of the ‘address book’ in case it is not implemented in the right way, such as the â€Å"Bluesnarfing for Bluetooth-enabled devices† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). It is pointed out that having advancements in cryptanalysis, the software that is used in the analysis of â€Å"wireless network traffic and deriving encryption keys and passwords has become commonplace† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1). Allocating encryption key that is much more complex for WEP remains to enable an attacker to identify what the key is in a very short period of time by making use of such software as WepLab and Aircrack. Making use of encryption algorithms that are stronger but which have keys that are weak still leaves the networks prone to the dictionary attacks that utilizes â€Å"list of words and permutations to try and guess encryption keys† (â€Å"The risks of wireless technology† 1) The WepLab as well as Aircrack support this operation method also. However, it is noted that even if WEP is not strong enough as compared to other encryption techniques, it offers a fundamental protection level which is better than not having one (Rodriguez 1). If a person is making use of WEP, he/she can make it be more effective by engaging in changing of the password on a more frequent basis (Rodriguez 1). In the current days, people prefer to use WPA as a â€Å"wireless network encryption† method (Rodriguez 1). This method gives room for passwords which utilize characters in addition to numbers and letters and this makes it possible to have passwords that are more secure to use. The method as well offers stronger encryption which is regarded as being harder to ‘conquer’ by the intruders. The WPA method â€Å"may not be supported by all hardware, but is designed to drop back to WEP in situations where hardware is not compatible† (Rodriguez 1). It is also suggested that, as an additional layer to the safeguarding of the passwords, one is supposed to consider enabling â€Å"MAC filtering† (Rodriguez 1). Every individual computer is assigned a â€Å"12-character identifier†, which is only one of its kind, referred to as MAC ID. MAC filtering enables creation of the MAC addresses which are permitted to access the network. The MAC ID serves as a second password and it enables â€Å"only a select number of computers in to the network† (Rodriguez 1) Conclusion In the current days, a large number of people and organizations are using the wireless technology on an increasing level because it has become more affordable and convenient to use. There are many benefits that are brought in by using the wireless technology. People and organizations can now access important information that can enable them to carry out t heir activities more comfortably and conveniently. The companies are becoming more competitive in the market as a result of using this technology. However, there has also been an increase in the level of risks to the computer networks. Attackers have tried to have access to information on the unprotected wireless networks. There is a need to protect one’s information since it can be wrongly used by another person. To achieve this protection, there is a need for password protecting the wireless technology. This can effectively be done by using such methods as WEP and the more advanced method, WPA. Works Cited Rodriguez, Gene. Password protect a wireless network. Life123, 2012. Web. â€Å"The risks of wireless technology.† Security4wireless.com. Security4wireless, 2010. Web. â€Å"Using wireless technology securely.† U.s-cert.gov. US-CERT, 2006. Web. â€Å"Wireless technology.† www2.hp.com. www2.hp, n.d. Web. This research paper on Password protecting wireless technology was written and submitted by user Samson Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nikki Essays - Nikki Giovanni, Nikki, Rosa, , Term Papers

Nikki Giovanni Nikki (Yolande Cornelia) Giovanni has made an enormous impact on African American literature. She uses her own experiences to write wonderful poetry. In the poem "Nikki-Rosa," Nikki Giovanni writes the opposite about her growing up in her family. When I first read this poem, I pictured a poverty-stricken family living in a small apartment, much like the Younger family in A Raisin in the Sun. Evidently, the family is poor because they have no inside toilet and take baths in "one of those/ big tubs that folk in chicago barbecue in" (10-11). The family is not as concerned about poverty as they are for their love for one another, "And though you're poor it isn't poverty that concerns you and though they fought a lot it isn't your father's drinking that makes any difference but only that everybody is together and you and your sister have happy birthdays and very good Christmasses" (20-26) The poem reveals a good family does have its problems. I got the feeling the children in the poem loved living where they lived although their parents weren't the richest, or they didn't live in the nicest house. The children realized that there was more to life than having a pleasant house and delightful things. The children in the poem realize that family life is more important than material objects. The poem "Nikki-Rosa" was written based on the life of Nikki Giovanni. Nikki Giovanni's childhood was very much different that the one described in the poem. Giovanni was raised in a middle class family, although she did learn of poverty from her parents who happened to be social workers (Wiedemann 1500). Her childhood could be described as very happy (Great 178). Giovanni's world in her poetry is an extension of her real life. Often, she sees herself existing among tensions. Biographers who write about Nikki Giovanni always comment on the poverty of the family, her parent's fighting, and note her father's alcoholism, but almost never comment on the closeness of her family or the richness of a strong, supportive family (Wiedemann 1499). "[I]t isn't your father's drinking that makes any difference/ but only that everybody is together" (23-24). This line in the poem sums up very well the feeling of family in the home of Nikki Giovanni during her childhood. The poem is not autobiographical of Giovanni's life, but it does parallel the development of her radical conscious (Wiedemann 1500). "Nikki-Rosa" is a typical example of a poem by Nikki Giovanni. She writes about what she knows and what she has experienced. The poetry of Giovanni is related to issues African-Americans face on a daily basis. According to Don L. Lee, she knows the need for Black awareness, unity, and, solidarity; she has lived through it, and knows a change can be affected. (182) Nikki Giovanni's poetry contains no punctuation, symbolizing a continuous thought (Wiedemann 1499). Typically there is no form in her poetry. A wide audience has read her poems because of the simplicity of the language used and the imagery of everyday life (Wiedemann 1499). Giovanni rarely uses difficult symbols and avoids the usage of complex vocabulary to convey the meaning of her poetry, especially "Nikki-Rosa" (Wiedemann 1500). Barbara Wiedemann comments that "Nikki-Rosa" hints at the division of whites and blacks (1500). In Wiedemann's interview with Giovanni, she states that whites cannot understand the black experience, and because of the power structure in America, whites should be held accountable for the poverty experienced by the black population. Giovanni believes differences in education cause poverty, a lack of social services, and discrimination. (1500) This poem, written the day after Martin Luther King, Jr.'s death is supposed to represent a young person growing up in an impoverished family who later becomes a black activist. The Nikki in the poem is not Nikki Giovanni. However, Rosa is Rosa Parks, the same Rosa who, in 1955, refused to give up her bus seat to a white woman. Giovanni writes about these kinds of things because she herself has attended antiwar demonstrations, the Civil Rights Movement, and various riots throughout the nation. These and other events such as the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and Robert Kennedy helped to radicalize Nikki Giovanni (Wiedemann 1500). Nikki Giovanni uses her knowledge of subjects related blacks to write her poetry. Within her poetry, she emphasizes the importance of family and love in the family to create a success. In her own family, she had two loving parents and siblings. She used her knowledge and experience to write the poem "Nikki-Rosa." Giovanni

Names, Functions, and Locations of Cranial Nerves

Names, Functions, and Locations of Cranial Nerves The cranial nerves are nerves that arise from the brain and exit the skull through holes (cranial foramina) at its base rather than through the spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system connections with various organs and structures of the body are established through cranial nerves and spinal nerves. While some cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons, most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves contain both motor and sensory neurons. Function Cranial nerves are responsible for the control of a number of functions in the body. Some of these functions include directing sense and motor impulses, equilibrium control, eye movement and vision, hearing, respiration, swallowing, smelling, facial sensation, and tasting. The names and major functions of these nerves are listed below. Olfactory Nerve: Sense of smellOptic Nerve: VisionOculomotor Nerve: Eyeball and eyelid movementTrochlear Nerve: Eye movementTrigeminal Nerve: This is the largest cranial nerve and is divided into three branches consisting of the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves. Functions controlled include facial sensation and chewing.Abducens Nerve: Eye movementFacial Nerve: Facial expressions and sense of tasteVestibulocochlear Nerve: Equilibrium and hearingGlossopharyngeal Nerve: Swallowing, sense of taste, and saliva secretionVagus Nerve: Smooth muscle sensory and motor control in throat, lungs, heart, and digestive systemAccessory Nerve: Movement of neck and shouldersHypoglossal Nerve: Movement of tongue, swallowing, and speech Location The cranial nerves consist of 12 paired nerves that arise from the brainstem. The olfactory and optic nerves arise from the anterior portion of the brain called the cerebrum. The oculomotor and trochlear cranial nerves stem from the midbrain. The trigeminal, abducens, and facial nerves arise in the pons. The vestibulocochlear nerve arises in the inner ears and goes to the pons. The glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves are attached to the medulla oblongata. Sensory Cranial Nerves Snellen chart test assesses visual acuity and optic nerve function. CentralITAlliance/iStock/Getty Images Plus There are three sensory cranial nerves: olfactory (I), optic (II), and vestibulocochlear (VIII). These cranial nerves are responsible for our senses of smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium. Medical professionals test cranial nerve I by having a person close their eyes and one nostril while inhaling a scent such as coffee or vanilla. An inability to recognize a scent may indicate problems with the sense of smell and cranial nerve I. Central and peripheral vision are under the control of optic nerve (II). Examiners test visual acuity using a Snellen chart. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) functions in hearing and can be assessed with the whisper test. The examiner stands behind the person and whispers a sequence of letters into one ear while the person holds a hand over the non-tested ear. The process is repeated with the opposite ear. Ability to repeat the whispered words indicate proper function. Motor Cranial Nerves Motor nerves function in movement of anatomical structures. Motor cranial nerves include the oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII) nerves. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI control eye movement. The oculomotor nerve controls pupil constriction and is assessed using a penlight. Light is briefly advanced from the outer edge of the eye to the center of the eye and pupil responses are observed. The trochlear and abducens nerves are often tested by having a person follow an examiners finger movements with his or her eyes only. The accessory nerve controls movement of the neck and shoulders. It is tested by having a person shrug his or her shoulders and turn their head from side to side against resistance from the the examiners hand. The hypoglossal nerve controls movement of the tongue, swallowing, and speech. Assessment of this nerve involves asking the person to stick out his or her tongue to ensure that it is midline. Mixed Cranial Nerves   normaals/iStock/Getty Images Plus Mixed nerves have both sensory and motor function. Mixed cranial nerves include the trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves. The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and is involved in facial sensation, chewing, and corneal reflex. Facial sensations are often checked by rubbing soft and blunt objects on various areas of the face. Chewing is typically tested by having the person open and close his or her mouth. The facial nerve controls facial expressions and is involved in taste sensation. This nerve is commonly tested by observing for facial symmetry. The glossopharyngeal nerve plays a role in swallowing, sense of taste, and saliva secretion. The vagus nerve is involved in smooth muscle sensory and motor control in the throat, lungs, heart, and digestive system. Cranial nerves IX and X are typically assessed together. The person is asked to say ah while the examiner observes movement of the palate. Swallowing ability and the ability to tast e different foods are also tested. Sources Facing Cranial Nerve Assessment. American Nurse Today, 17 May 2019, www.americannursetoday.com/facing-cranial-nerve-assessment/.  Seladi-Schulman, Jill. The 12 Cranial Nerves. Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/health/12-cranial-nerves.

Springfield Nor'easters Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Springfield Nor'easters - Article Example The tickets will also consider the families buy giving the families a different package to make the families have fun with their children in the stadium. The stadium will be partitioned into sections and the prices set for every section in the arena. The proposed packages are Friends and family package Couple packages Children with birthday parties Single tickets VIP packages And general sits packages Expected annual revenue With good advertisements and the culture of giving good packages to the community, the tickets are expected to be sold out even before the leagues start. Since it is a new culture being built in the community, the fans will be intrigued by the new sports phenomenon and would be down to pay the tickets for the experience. Another motivation to the revenue collection is the fact that the fans will be treated to new teams who come to the venue therefore fostering the competitive culture and identification. With creation of a local fan base, the tickets are inclined to producing more money even during the friendly games and off-season matches. With the packages and pricing set per seat a family is expected to pay for a game is close to $59 every single game. The ticket for an individual is $ 4-12 depending on the preference of the sitting area. The stadium has a capacity of 8200 seats. With the approximation of 500 families in the community will start cultivating a culture of sports the family will spend $2242 a season. With five hundred families alone, the expected revenue collected is $1,121,000. If 2000 individual fans attend for a whole season at $4 each the expected revenue collected is $304,000. For the VIP section, the expected revenue is close to $500,000for the single tickets of a thousand fans. For families VIP tickets can cost an approximate of 96 dollars. The expected number will be higher in this section due to the environment conducive for the children. If only 300 families book the VIP area, the revenue is expected to be $1,094,4 00. The summation of this revenue will be close to 3,400,000. Concisely the annual revenue can be close to $5,000,000 when everything is done right in the initial stage. Better revenue collection will be realized with the events building up in the region and a fan base created. The revenue is based on approximation and the least amount charge to every game Expected annual concession revenue The concession calculations will vary due to the different types of ticket sales to the people. With an attendance bracket that depreciates from the 5game, 20 game seasons and a full season, the logical expectation of the revenue will be $2,000,000 as long as the tickets will be reasonable to the public. However, the tickets are supposed to medial to avert the events where the people do not attend since it is cheap. The establishment of a price that is at par with the control and building of the fans will create a culture of not missing a game to utilize the money spent on the ticket. Even in the assumption of full attendance, the variation in the fan attendance will dictate the revenue collected annually. With the survey conducted in the research there will be better concession revenue collected than the estimate. Breaking even The team will break even in the end of the year only if everything is done right. The qualitative analysis of the research is done using the contribution analysis. The model of payment is crucial to the

What are the major functions of congress are these based in the Term Paper

What are the major functions of congress are these based in the constitution or are they a function of the shifting balance of political power - Term Paper Example The Congress has also the authority to pass the ‘appropriate legislation’ incorporated in the legislative powers of the Constitution. The Constitution further states that ‘Congress shall have the power to provide for the common defense and the general welfare of the United States’ (Palekar, 121). However, the US President has the power to veto a bill passed Congress but this veto power is not absolute. The Congress can override it if the two-third majority of the Congress passes the same bill. From this perspective, we may say that the legislative powers of the US Congress are granted by the Constitution. The role of the Congress and the President shows that the Constitution of the United States ‘provides for a balance of power between the executive and the legislative branches’ (Ethridge and Handelman, 204). In Mexico and Latin America, we had seen the existence of powerful presidents and weak legislatures. The role of the Congress is vital on the amendment procedures of the US Congress. The recommendation for amendment of a particular law or article will not stand valid unless the two-thirds majority of the members of the Congress support it. The US Supreme Court generally does not intervene in the approval or the interpretation of the Congress regarding any bills or laws (Palekar, 122). Therefore, we may conclude that the Congress plays an important role for amending the Supreme law of the nation. A joint session for both the Houses of the Congress is held after every four years to’ Count the electoral votes for the President and the Vice-President’ (Palekar, 122). If no candidate gets a majority of votes for the Presidential role then the House of Representatives has the power to select three candidates with the maximum numbers of notes. In case of the Vice-President, The Senate decides on the issue and makes a choice between the two members with the highest votes. In 1837, the Vice-President was chosen in

Product Life Cycle of Nokia Essay Example for Free

Product Life Cycle of Nokia Essay INTRODUCTION In the present context, managing has become one of the most important areas of human activity because of increasing role of large and complex organisations in the society. Because of their increasing role, the organisations have attracted the attention of both practitioners and academicians to find out the solutions for business problems. Concept Defining the term management precisely is not so simple because the term management is used in a variety of ways. Being a new discipline, it has drawn concepts and principles from a number of disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, statistics and so on. Each group of contributors has treated management differently. For example, economists have treated management as a factor of production; sociologists have treated it as a class or group of persons; practitioners have treated it as a process comprising different activities. DEFINITION â€Å"Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups† Koontz â€Å"Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way† – F.W. Taylor â€Å"Management is the art of securing maximum results with minimum effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service† John Mee. â€Å"Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other people† Lawrence â€Å"Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human beings for the expressed purpose of attaining predetermined goals† – Stanley V. â€Å"Management is a process involving planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling human efforts to achieve stated objectives in an organization.† From the above definitions, the following features are identified:1) Organised Activities: Management is a process of organized activities. Without organized activities, two groups of people cannot be involved in the performance of activities. Where a group of people are involved in working towards a common objective, management comes into existence. 2) Existence of objectives: The existence of objectives is a basic criterion of e very human organization because all organizations are deliberate and purposive creation and, therefore, they should have Introduction to Management some objectives. Without objectives, it becomes difficult to define the direction where organized group of activities would lead to. 3) Relationship among resources: Organised activities meant to achieve common goals are brought about to establish certain relationships about the available resources. Resources include money, machine, material, men and methods. All these resources are made available to those who manage the organization. Managers apply knowledge, experience, principles for getting the desired results. Thus, the essence of management is integration of various organisational resources. 4) Working with and through people: Management involves working with people and getting organisational objectives achieved through them. The idea of working through people is interpreted in terms of assigning and reassigning of activities to subordinates. 5) Decision Making: Management process involves decision making at various levels for getting things done through people. Decision making basically involves selecting the most appropriate alternative out of the several. If there is only one alternative, there is no question of decision making. Nature of Management: The study and application of management techniques in managing the affairs of the organization have changed its nature over a period of time. The following points will describe the nature of management 1) Multidisciplinary: Management has been developed as a separate discipline, but it draws knowledge and concepts from various disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, statistics, operations research etc.,. Management integrates the idea and concepts taken from these disciplines and presents newer concepts which can be put into practice for managing the organisations 2) Dynamic nature of Principles: Principle is a fundamental truth which establishes cause and effect relationships of a function. Based on integration and supported by practical evidences, management has framed certain principles. However, these principles are flexible in nature and change with the changes in the environment in which an organization exists. 3) Relative, Not absolute Principles: Management principles are relative, not absolute, and they should be applied according to the need of the organization. Each organization may be different from others. The difference may exist because of time, place, socio-cultural factors, etc.,. 4) Management: Science or Art: There is a controversy whether management is science or art. An art is personal skill of business affairs. Art is characterized by practical knowledge, personal creativity and skill. The more one practices an art, the more professional one becomes. Management can be considered as an art because it satisfies all these criterion of an art. A science is a systematized body of knowledge of facts. It can establish cause-and-effect relationships among various factors. It involves basic principles, which are capable of universal application. Management can be considered as science because it satisfies all these criterion of a science. Introduction to Management 5) Management as profession: Management has been regarded as a profession by many while many have suggested that it has not achieved the status of a profession. Profession refers to a vocation or a branch of advanced learning such as engineering or medicine. 6) Universality of management: Management is a universal phenomenon. However, management principles are not universally applicable but are to be modified according to the needs of the situation. Importance of Management Management has been important to the daily lives of people and to the organisations. The importance of management may be traces with the following. 1) Effective utilisation of Resources: Management tries to make effective utilisation of various resources. The resources are scarce in nature and to meet the demand of the society, their contribution should be more for the general interests of the society. Management not only decides in which particular alternative a particular resource should be used, but also takes actions to utilize it in that particular alternative in the best way. 2) Development of Resources: Management develops various resources. This is true with human as well as non-human factors. Most of the researchers for resource development are carried on in an organized way and management is involved in these organized activities. 3) It ensures continuity in the organization: Continuity is very important in the organisations. Where there are no proper guidelines for decision making continuity can not be guaranteed. It is quite natural that new people join while some others retire or leave the organization. It is only management that keeps the organization continuing. 4) Integrating various interest groups: In the organized efforts, there are various interest groups and they put pressure over other groups for maximum share in the combined output. For example, in case of a business organization, there are various pressure groups such as shareholders, employees, govt. etc. these interest groups have pressure on an organization. Management has to balance these pressures from various interest groups. 5) Stability in the society: Management provides stability in the society by changing and modifying the resources in accordance with the changing environment of the society. In the modern age, more emphasis is on new inventions for the betterment of human beings. These inventions make old systems and factors mostly obsolete and inefficient. Management provides integration between traditions and new inventions, and safeguards society from the unfavorable impact of these inventions so that continuity in social process is maintained. Functions of Management:To achieve the organisational objectives managers at all levels of organization should perform different functions. A function is a group of similar activities. Introduction to Management The list of management functions varies from author to author with the number of functions varying from three to eight. Writers Henry Fayol Luther Gullick R. Davis Management Functions Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling POSDCORD- Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Directing Planning , Organising, Controlling Planning, Organising, Motivating, Coordinating, Controlling Planning, Organising, Staffing, Leading, Controlling Koontz Different authors presented different variations. By combining some of functions, these are broadly grouped into Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling. 1) Planning: Planning is the conscious determination of future course of action. This involves why an action, what action, how to take action, and when to take action. Thus, planning includes determination of specific objectives, determining projects and programs, setting policies and strategies, setting rules and procedures and prepar ing budgets. 2) Organising: Organising is the process of dividing work into convenient tasks or duties, grouping of such duties in the form of positions, grouping of various positions into departments and sections, assigning duties to individual positions, and delegating authority to each positions so that the work is carried out as planned. It is viewed as a bridge connecting the conceptual idea developed in creating and planning to the specific means for accomplishment these ideas. 3) Staffing: Staffing involves manning the various positions created by the organizing process. It includes preparing inventory of personal available and identifying the sources of people, selecting people, training and developing them, fixing financial compensation, appraising them periodically etc. 4) Directing: when people are available in the organization, they must know what they are expected to do in the organization. Superior managers fulfill this requirement by communicating to subordinates about their expected behavior. Once subordinates are oriented, the superiors have continuous responsibility of guiding and leading them for better work performance and motivating them to work with zeal and enthusiasm. Thus, directing includes communicating, motivating and leading. 5) Controlling: Controlling involves identification of actual results, comparison of actual results with expected results as set by planning process, identification of deviations between the two, if any, and taking of corrective action so that actual results match with expected results. Introduction to Management TAYLOR SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT The concept of scientific management was introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in USA in the beginning of 20th century. â€Å"Scientific management is concerned with knowing exactly what you want to do and then see in that they do it in the best and cheapest way† Since Taylor has put the emphasis on solving managerial problems in a scientific way, often, he is called as father of scientific management and his contributions as the principles of scientific management. Taylor carried experiments about how to increase the efficiency of people. On the basis of experiments, he published many papers and books and all his contributions were compiled in his book â€Å"scientific management†. His contributions are divided into two parts. Elements and tools of scientific management Principles of scientific management FEATURES / ELEMENTS AND TOOLS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT 1) Separation of planning doing: Taylor emphasized the separation of planning aspect from actual doing of the work. In other words planning should be left to the supervisor and the worker should concentrate only operational work. 2) Functional foremanship: Taylor introduced the concept of functional foremanship based on specialization of functions. In this system, eight persons are involved to direct the activities of workers. Out of these four persons are concerned with planning viz., route clerk, instruction card clerk, time and cost clerk and disciplinarian. The remaining four persons are concerned with doing aspect of the job, viz., speed boss, inspector, gang boss and maintenance foreman. It is against to the principle of unity of command.

Technology Used In Mobile Wallet Computer Science Essay

Technology Used In Mobile Wallet Computer Science Essay Mobile wallet system is an innovative and revolutionary breakthrough mobile commerce solution that offers the conveniences of cash-less shopping, as well as making remote payments via any mobile phone, where financial and merchandising transactions are done at the touch of the fingertips. Technology used in mobile wallet is known as Near Field Communication (NFC). Near Field Communication is a short range high frequency which enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 centimeter distance. Keywords: Mobile wallet, Near Field Communication, mobile commerce, intelliwal, DORIS i.e. Digital online registration and identification system. , RFID i.e. Radio Frequency Identification I. Introduction Mobile wallet also known as wallet phone is a mobile enabled application that will replace a device from your pocket i.e. your wallet. The emerging wireless and mobile networks have extended electronic commerce to another research and application subject i.e. mobile commerce. This creates new opportunities for customers to conduct business from any location at any point of time. One of the significant application of mobile applications is transforming the mobile phone into a mobile wallet with digital cash that supports both as real cash and security [1]. It is a type of mobile payment technology in which instead of paying with cash, checks or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for wide range of services and digital or goods such as: Music, videos, ringtones, online game purchase, wallpapers and other goods. Transportation fare of bus, train etc Books, magazines, tickets and other goods There are four primary models for mobile payments: Direct Mobile Billing SMS based transactional payments Mobile web payments (WAP) NFC (Near Field Communication) So in the payment models, mobile wallet uses NFC technology II. System Requirement A. Hardware requirement: Mobile Phone that should be NFC enabled. Touch point i.e. NFC enabled machine Doris SD card token for security purpose. B. Software requirement: Intelliwal DORIS Operating system Programming language Intelliwal is a smart running mobile phone application which incorporates and extends all the functionality provided by a conventional physical wallet [8]. History of all the transaction is maintained in this application. Digital online registration and identification system, for short DORIS is mainly for security purpose [8]. Operating system for mobiles should be symbian. Programming language used is C++. III. Technology Used Near Field Communication (NFC) Near Field Communication, for short NFC is a technology for short range communication. It uses magnetic field induction to enable communication between electronic devices based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). We have to just bring two NFC enabled devices in close contact for communication .Some examples of what a user can do with an NFC mobile phone in an NFC-enabled environment: Download music or video from a smart poster. Exchange business cards with another NFC enabled phone. Print an image on a printer using your phone. Use a point-of-sale terminal to pay for a purchase, the same way as with a standard contactless credit card. Can pay train or bus fare using your phone. Communication Modes of NFC Active mode Passive mode In active mode devices can communicate with each other. Each device has to generate its own RF field, if it wants to send data. The RF field is alternately generated by one of the two devices. In passive mode a device has to use inductive coupling to transmit data. For battery powered devices, like mobile phone it is better to use in passive mode. In this mode communication takes place between active device and passive device. OPERATING MODES OF NFC NFC devices work in three different operating modes [8]: PEER-TO-PEER MODE READER/WRITER MODE TAG EMULATION MODE IV. System Description While using mobile wallet we should have a mobile phone with NFC enabled in it and one touch point NFC enabled machine. If we want to buy anything just bring our mobile in contact of touch point and we can simply do the transaction using our mobile phone by entering the product code in an application called intelliwal which is present in NFC enabled handset. Intelliwal is a smart running mobile phone application which incorporates and extends all the functionality provided by a conventional physical wallet. History of all the transaction is maintained in this application. Digital online registration and identification system, for short DORIS is mainly for security purpose. DORIS works as tri interface chip is attached to NFC enabled mobile phone which provides authentication. V. Applications Mobile wallet application can be used by anyone having NFC enables handset. Currently nokia is giving this facility in some of its handset. It is more secure than keeping a wallet [9]. Using NFC technology we can exchange data between two devices, pay bus or train fare, print image on printer and lots of other applications. VI. Advantages Mobile wallet provides freedom from keeping your wallet, credit card, debit card etc with you. Using your mobile phone you can shop anywhere you want. NFC has many advantages such as mobile ticketing in public transport, exchange of data etc. VII. Future Application Mobile wallet can be used as : Electronic ticketing à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ airline tickets, concert/event tickets, and others. Electronic money. Travel cards. Identity documents. Mobile commerce. Electronic keys à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ car keys, house/office keys, hotel room keys, etc [3]. Currently it is in use in some countries such as US. Forging a tie-up with ICICI Bank and Bharti Airtel it is expected that nearly half of present Indian population will use this by 2010 [4]. VIII. Conclusion Mobile wallet provides freedom from keeping your wallet, credit card, debit card etc with you. Using your mobile phone you can shop anywhere. Near Field Communication is an efficient technology for communications with short ranges. It offers an intuitive and simple way to transfer data between electronic devices. A significant advantage of this technique is the compatibility with existing RFID infrastructures.

Task Duration in the Construction and Engineer Industry

I will be comparing the Services Industry abilities in project planning to that of the Construction and Engineering field. The services industry falls short of CE (Construction and Engineering) in many ways and there is a lot of room for improvement. However, the two industries are very different in nature. Construction and Engineering has a long history of project management focus. It was civil engineers and architects that pioneered project management long ago in the early1900’s (Pinto, 1995, p. 2 ). In the 1950’s, construction and engineering organizations really started to systematically apply project management tool and techniques. Henry Gantt was an engineer! From my experience, project managers in the SE industry are not trained especially for this role. Often we are in a functional role within the company and given a project to manage as extra responsibility. The SE industry is also a much more customer-focused business. It’s interesting to note that customer satisfaction runs high in the journal’s statistics, despite its low scores in other areas. James Harrington (2000) said, â€Å"Quality is meeting or exceeding customer expectations at a cost that represents value to them. † Project Managers in the SE industry will work harder to satisfy customers, allowing scope creep and the like in order to provide a better project in spite of time and cost delays. The following statistics summarize the journal article results for the CE and SE industry. SE cost and schedule overruns and organization support were the largest negative variances against CE. Project Planning Success in CE and SE Industry CESEBetter/(Worse) Cost Overrun (%)17%23%(35%) Schedule Overrun19%27%(42%) Performance8. 18. 32% Customer Satisfaction8. 18. 32% Organizational Support3. 83. 2(16%) In a recent study of 100 companies, only 37% of major SE projects were completed on time and only 42% were completed on budget (Gordon, 1999). I think the answers to improving cost and schedule overruns lie in improving the organizational support first. Mochal (2003 p. 3) said, culture plays a big role in how successful SE’s are in executing projects. SE’s typically have no formality or consistency in project management processes. Each time a new project comes up, the wheel is re-created. SE’s need a good, scalable project management process where teams are generally going to create and follow a work plan, and can use standard processes to effectively handle risk, scope change and issues. SE’s also need better governance. By this, I mean management needs to be more engaged and interested in projects. If management starts projects and leaves the project manager in a leadership vacuum, it’s hard to be consistently successful. Accuracy in time and resources are also important factors to successful project planning. They are however, not as critical as in the CE business. If a task is over duration in the SE industry, it’s not like a multi million-dollar crane is sitting idol. The cost repercussions are not as easily quantified. There should also be some leniency to this within the SE industry. Task duration in the CE industry is easier to plan for. Historical data is readily available on pouring concrete foundations, laying brickwork, etc. Within SE, the schedule may include a one-time task that the project manager has never performed before. Due to the complexity of the project the scope may not be wholly known making task duration even harder to calculate. While there is wide room for improvement in the delivery of time and cost estimates, the SE industry should continue to look and rely on its customer satisfaction rates. Projects should not be considered a success purely in terms of its timeliness. The Sydney Opera House was seen by most as a stupendous failure. It was a music hall with poor acoustics, stunningly over cost and behind schedule. Decades later, this same structure in a national treasure to Australians, its massive cost and schedule overruns long ago forgotten. References: Gordon Mochal, T (2003) Tools and Techniques, Workforce Management, (Online) Available from : http://articles. techrepublic. om/5100-10878_11-5035216. html (Accessed April 12, 2010) Pinto J (1995) Successful Project Managers, Leading Your Team to Success, Project Management Journal (Online) Available from: (accessed April 9, 2010)

Cultural Awareness in Nursing Practice

Introduction In this essay my aim is to describe and discuss my own Filipino cultural background and how it might influence my nursing practice. Culture is our way of living (Wepa, 2005). It is also shaped by our values, beliefs, norms, and practices that are shared by members of the same cultural group (Giger & Davidhizar, 1995). I will be discussing some of the values and traits that we Filipinos have in common such as pagmamano and po at opo or gestures that show respect to our elders, kagandahang loob or shared humanity, (pakikipagkapwa-tao or regard for others, bayanihan or comradeship or cooperation and lastly, tiwala sa Diyos or trust in God. I will also include some of our shared traditions and beliefs and try to link my cultural experiences to my nursing practice. Brief Background of the Philippines Philippine is located in Southeast Asia, with Manila as its capital city. Filipinos are basically of Malay ancestry, though proof of foreign influence can be trailed in our culture. We are actually a blend of different cultures rolled into one. For three centuries we were under the Spanish colony, as a result, there is a significant amount of Spanish and Mexican influence in our customs and traditions. Then later, under the American regime for four decades and their obvious contribution to us is the English language. Other ethnic groups such as the Chinese and Japanese have also influenced our way of living. Pagmamano, po at opo or gestures that show respect to our elders Pagmamano and po at opo or gestures that show respect to elders go hand in hand. Pagmamano is holding an elder’s one hand and placing on your forehead and the phrases po at opo are used to show respect and courtesy when talking to someone in authority and elder. Filipinos are not used to calling people in authority by their first names; we say their designation first before their name, as we consider calling them by their names as rude and mal educada or uneducated. I wish to take this trait of showing respect to the lders and to everyone in my nursing practice by advocating and protecting the rights of the client in order to prevent harm and recognizing their culture when it comes to collecting and storing health information (NCNZ, 2005). I can also apply this trait in my interaction with my colleagues by valuing their personal culture and contribution to the team. Kagandahang loob or shared humanity and Bayanih an or comradeship Kagandahang loob or shared humanity refers to being able to help others in time of needs. Related to this is the bayanihan or comradeship which Filipinos are famous for. We come in unity to help our family or the community in one spirit in attaining a common goal. Best example is in time of calamity; we gather together and extend our helping hands to those who need them without expecting in return. It is an act of selflessness, willing to be of service for other’s welfare. Showing hospitality to strangers is also an example of kagandahang loob that we are famous of, not that we are the only one that is hospitable. Even the humblest home along the road can be offered as a temporary shelter for a stranger who has lost his way. We consider it also impolite to not invite an unexpected visitor that arrived during mealtime, to sit down and share what we have on the table. In cases that the unexpected visitor needs to stay for the night, he or she will be offered the best room in the house to the extent of having the host to sleep in the sala or lounge. This trait I intend to instil in my nursing practice by being fair and truthful to my client and colleagues, by being competent in what I do thus preventing and ensuring that I am practising ethically. Shared traditions and beliefs When I was a child, my family had lived at our Lola’s (grandmother) rural home. She was a tough lady, always want everything tidy and in place. One dinner time, we were all sitting and having our meal quietly, no one was allowed to speak as it was her sacred rule that it was rude to talk while eating; she also had this habit of observing us, as if she’s waiting for us to make mistakes. She noticed that I wasn’t eating the head of the fish; she then called my attention and told me that I should eat the head of the fish as well because it makes us brighter and smarter. Thinking of what she said, I innocently asked her â€Å"how if the fish was dumb? †. I got into trouble by asking that. I grew up following traditions and believed many beliefs that have been passed down from many generations to the next. For instance, we have these beliefs in child rearing of causes of a child’s disability have something to do with the mother not following her dietary practises during pregnancy. For example, eating crabs would cause an unborn baby to have clubbed fingers and toes, eating dark foods such as grapes, squids and chocolates would make the baby to have dark skin.

What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Essay Example

What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Essay Example What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Paper What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Paper Essay Topic: Literature To Kill a Mockingbird Woman of Colour Novel To Kill a Mockingbird is one of the most influential pieces of literature concerning such sensitive issues as racism and class prejudice. The novel, written by Harper Lee, was published in the 1960s, but was set in 1930s America. The novel was set during the time of the depression, and at a time of extreme racism in the US. The publishing of the novel coincided with the 60s Civil Rights Movement, which brought back some of the issues in history, some of which are mentioned in the novel. This novel is written in the first person, through the young and innocent eyes of Scout, growing up in Maycomb town in the 30s, and as it is written from the point of view of a young child, it helps the reader to crack through the facade of the town to see the true poverty and detriment. Throughout the novel, we learn not just about a young girls personality and problems as she grows up in a troubled time, but also about the social strata of Maycomb, how rumours and superstitions are spread and accepted so easily, and, most importantly, we learn about the prejudice, seen in many forms, that is embedded in society. Maycomb is set in the south of America, which influences the attitudes of people in the town deeply. Though slavery had been abolished 70 years before the setting of the novel, white people in the south still harboured their feelings about black people. The black people were not enslaved by the white people anymore, but they were still treated with disrespect by the white people, being referred to often as trash. They were segregated into the lowest class, and could not move up the social ladder because of the colour of their skin. They lived separately from the white people, and were forced to have laborious and menial jobs jobs that the white people did not want. Their living conditions were sordid, they could not vote and could hardly ever go to school. Americas opinion of slavery divided it into half the north treated every black person like it would a white person, whereas in the south, where Maycomb is, black people were the lowest kind of society. Because of this division, black people often moved northwards, where they could get a good job, good education, and be treated with respect. An example of this is when Mr Dolphus Raymond sends two of his mixed children up to the northern half of America because of the disrespect that they receive in Maycomb: hes shipped two of his up north. They dont mind em up north This shows that, even though they have a different skin colour, they still get respected in the north, in contrast to the south. Lee helps us to picture Maycomb by her vivid descriptions throughout the novel, and we learn quite a lot about life and attitudes in Alabama from Scout. She tells us about how Maycomb is a tired old town where People moved slowly . Lee uses personification when describing the town of Maycomb to bring it to life. Scout views Maycomb as a boring town: There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. Scout The repetition of no and nothing emphasises how little the town has. We can also see in this quotation that Maycomb has been made poor by the effects of the depression, something not uncommon among small towns like hers in 30s America. We see the town as superstitious, especially against black people and the Radleys (Boo Radley in particular). We see from this quotation: but the nuts lay untouched by the children [of the Maycomb school]: Radley pecans would kill you. that the superstition is drummed into the heads of even young children in the town. Scout relays to us how racist Maycomb can be at times. When the sheriff decides the fate of Boo Radley after he stabbed his father in the leg, he says that: The sheriff hadnt the heart to put him [Boo Radley] in jail alongside Negroes which shows us the separation of blacks and whites that people had to abide to during this time. Another example of the division between black and white people is shown when the children go to First Purchase, the church of the black people, with their black maid Calpurnia and encounter Lula May: why you bringin white chillun to nigger church [the white people] got their church, we got ourn. It is our church, aint it, Miss Cal? Lula May This shows that the racism in the town was not one-sided, and it was not just white people that were hateful and had their feelings about the other race black people were sometimes prejudiced against white people, too. Lee includes this to balance the hatred between the two sides. By writing through the eyes of young Scout, Lee helps us see clearly the prejudice, rumours and the various strata of society within the town. By the end of the novel, Scout sees through all of the prejudice to the real human inside every Maycomb Town citizen, whatever race, class or gender. She believes in the morals her father brings her up with: that it is what is inside someone that makes them a good person; the way you look or the place you come from should not determine what sort of person you are: Jem, I think that theres just one kind of folks. Folks. Jem, being the older Finch child, is more mature and has lived in Maycomb for longer that Scout has, and so understands why people are so prejudiced against each other. He helps Scout to understand why this is because he felt the same when he was her age: he realizes her child innocence is very idealistic in comparison to what life in the town is actually like quite the opposite: If theres just one kind of folks, why cant they get along with each other? If theyre all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other? Growing up in Maycomb helps Jems perspective on attitudes, character and behaviour to widen. He realises how divided the society of Maycomb actually is, and how people are grouped into certain classes according to how they look, where they come from, or how they do things. Though Maycomb boasts about how tightly-knit their community is, it is in fact segregated into several different classes. Depending on their status, a person would live by the unofficial laws of their class: Theres four kinds of folks in the world. Theres ordinary kind like us and the neighbours, theres the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes. The order in which Jem lists the divisions and classes shows the order of each divisions importance in Maycomb: white people are the highest class in the town, down to the black people, who are the lowest class. This shows how people in the higher classes are more authoritive, treated with more respect and less prejudice than people of a lower class because of their skin colour, where they live or the ir different customs or way of life. Very few people can accept people of a different class, and so go out of their way just to be prejudiced against them. These social divisions in Maycomb fuel the reasons for the community to be prejudiced and racist against people of other classes, something not very uncommon in southern America during the 30s. The racism even influences children, like Scout and other children of her age. Though she does not consciously act racist, the racism deep inside her sometimes shows through. Even though she is brought up under the morals of her almost perfect father, and taught about how evil racism is, she sometimes say racist comments without actually being aware of it. She subconsciously says nigger and asks her father regularly if he does defend niggers . The black community is often treated with disrespect and words such as nigger are also widely used, even by children as young as Scout. The Finches housekeeper, Calpurnia, is probably the only black person in the whole novel treated with respect. She acts as a motherly figure, and as a substitute mother to the Finch children. The day that old Tim Johnson, the rabid dog, comes down the street toward the Radley house, everyone is concerned about his or her safety, especially Calpurnia. She rushes to the Radley front door to warn them of the dog coming their way: We watched Calpurnia running towards the Radley place She went up to the front steps and banged on the door Shes supposed to go round the back. During this time in 1930s deep south America, the front door of the houses of white people was only to be used by white people; black people were not important enough to use the front door, so they were forced to only use the back door. Scout questions Calpurnias use of the front door, even in the severe situation that they are in. Rumours usually do spread quickly in small towns like Maycomb, but in Maycomb they sprea d like wildfire. Hardly any rumour is doubted, and rumours about black people are never doubted. The divisions between the white and the black communities are one of the most important themes throughout the novel. If a crime is committed in Maycomb and one of the suspects present is black, the one who is black is always the guilty one, whether he actually committed the crime or not. As well as racism, another theme running through the course of the novel is sexism. One of the main sexist attitudes is when Aunt Alexandra demands that Scout wear dresses instead of trousers: [Aunt Alexandra said] I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasnt supposed to be doing things that required pants. This opinion is very stereotypical of girls and women at that time. Aunt Alexandra wants Scout to dress like a girl and not do activities that needed trousers because she wants Scout to be trim and proper something very conventional at the time . The argument over Scout and her tomboy ways arise again later in the novel when Aunt Alexandra moves into the Finch household. Her reason for moving in is because Scout needs, as she puts it, some feminine influence, adding that: It wont be many years, Jean Louise, before you become interested in clothes and boys. This shows how she thinks that Scout is growing up and becoming a young woman, showing the typical assumption that every young woman is interested in clothes and boys. Another sexist remark in the novel is when the religious white foot-washer community of Maycomb tell Miss Maudie women are a sin by definition. They say this to show how women are often ill-treated because the Bible doesnt say that women are decent. Everyone living in Maycomb always wonder about the local shut-in who has stayed in his house on order of his father and never left it since he was a teenager especially Scout and her older brother Jem. The Finch children, teaming up with their newly acquired friend Dill, try in every way possible to encounter the man that they nickname Boo. After hearing a gunshot from the Radley garden, they run away from their property. Within a few minutes, the whole community of Maycomb Town is awake, and rumours are flying around about who or what that broke in to the Radley back garden and made Nathan Radley fire this gunshot. Miss Stephanie Crawford, the towns gossip queen, suggests the first idea of the culprit, something almost everyone was thinking about: Shot in the air. Scared him pale, though. Says if anybody sees a white nigger around, thats the one. This quotation shows prejudice against the black people in the society. Three white children, curious about a town rumour, would be the last group of people on the list of culprits and a black person would probably be top of the list. Black people were made to be scapegoats and were associated with crime in Maycomb. According to Miss Stephanie, Mr Nathan Radley saw someone with white coloured skin lurking around in his garden, but instead of guessing it was a white person (the obvious answer), Miss Stephanie jumps to the conclusion that the person must have been a black person scared pale. A similar incidence is when Miss Tutti and Miss Frutti accuse a group of black people they saw in town earlier in the day of stealing their furniture, when really the real culprits were a group of white children but the thought of a group of white people moving around their furniture as a prank never passed through their minds. Not only is the black community prejudiced against, but also anyone who is different in any way: by race, background, way of life, or where they live: Miss Caroline printed her name on the blackboard and said I am from North Alabama from Winston County. The class murmured apprehensively should she prove to harbour her share of peculiarities indigenous to that region. Though the new teacher is white, she is an alien of Maycomb County, and consequently rumours about her and what she is like start to fly as soon as she says this to the class. Even though she is from deep south Alabama, she is still prejudiced against because she is not from the tightly exclusive county of Maycomb. This theme of prejudice against anything or anyone different in any way runs throughout the whole novel. Another example of this is the way everyone starts to treat Boo Radley and his property. Though hardly any of them have ever met the man, rumours and stories have been passed through families and friends for so long that it has become virtually impossible to make a distinction between what is truth and what are lies. Even mature adults begin to believe in the rumours. The young children nickname him Boo after they refer to him as a malevolent phantom. He is the character alleged to have terrorised the community, and is responsible for the crimes of the town by causing trouble at night, such as wilting prized flowers and killing chickens but no one look realistically for rational reasons, such as that maybe frost killed the flowers, and foxes killed the chickens. Maycomb is proud of itself and its ways but refuses to see the rumours and problems right under their nose in their own community. The Missionary Tea Societies are hosted for groups of women to gather and attempt to solve problems of other communities and give aid to those people in need of their help. They are openly willing to talk about the problems about tribes in Africa, such as the Mrunas, but refuse to talk about the problems right on their doorstep within their own town. Maycomb is full of hypocrites they can point out anything wrong with another group of people, but never admit their own faults: born hypocrites, Mrs Merriweather was saying. At least we dont have that sin on our shoulders down here At least we dont have the deceit to say to em yes youre as good as we are but stay away from us. Down here we just say you live you way and well live ours. Mrs Merriweather, like many others in Maycomb, believes that a black person is always evil, no matter what they are actually like, and that they have absolutely no morals. They will willingly help out the Mruna people and others like them in Africa; they will openly raise money for them and believe that the work of the missionaries will change their ways, but will not welcome nor offer help and assistance to the black people in their own community. Not a white personll go near em [the Mruna people] [they live in] poverty the darkness the immorality This is very hypocritical of Mrs Merriweather, as the black community in Maycomb also live poverty just like the people of the Mruna tribe in Africa but the missionary society does not recognise this and does not help the black community in their own town. The children of the community are brainwashed to be prejudiced against some people via the school system. They are told that the persecution of the Jewish is wrong, but for all the wrong reasons. Walter Cunningham questions this on the grounds that even the Jewish people are white. The persecution of white people is a crime against humanity, but no one jumps up to suggest that the persecution of the black community is wrong. Very few people would, as most of the County practise poor treatment towards the black community anyway. One of the main plots in the novel is when Atticus, Scout and Jems father, has a court case defending the black man Tom Robinson, who is accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. It is also a peak of racism and illustrates Maycomb in its true prejudiced ways. The Ewell family is one of the lowest classes but not as low as the black people, so even they could look down at the black community the way that most of Maycomb did. Atticus summarises the tension between the white community and the black community in the case in a simple statement: The case is as simple as black and white. This statement shows the court that the decision that Tom Robinson is innocent should be a simple and easy choice but in doing this it would be choosing black over white something unthinkable in this time in Maycomb (and generally the whole of the south of America). This is representative not only of Alabama at the time, but of the racial hatred continuing through generations from centuries before. Even before the trial has started, Tom has to be kept in high security, for fear of racial unrest occurring. In the eyes of every white person in town, Tom is guilty ever since Bob Ewell accused him of raping his daughter. Atticus fights hard for the case, and though all the evidence points towards Toms innocence, he was still proven guilty but not because of the case. He was guilty of being black. This shows that the setting of the novel, both in place and time, is vital to exemplify the deep line of hatred, prejudice and racism running through what appears at first glance to be an innocent, safe community. Through the eyes of Scout growing up in a deeply divided society, the reader can see through the proud exterior to the real sin and evil, disguised in the forms of prejudice and racism that changed the world.